1 | !********************************************************************** |
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2 | ! Copyright 1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2005,2007,2008,2009,2010 * |
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3 | ! Andreas Stohl, Petra Seibert, A. Frank, Gerhard Wotawa, * |
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4 | ! Caroline Forster, Sabine Eckhardt, John Burkhart, Harald Sodemann * |
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5 | ! * |
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6 | ! This file is part of FLEXPART. * |
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7 | ! * |
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8 | ! FLEXPART is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * |
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9 | ! it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by* |
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10 | ! the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * |
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11 | ! (at your option) any later version. * |
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12 | ! * |
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13 | ! FLEXPART is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * |
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14 | ! but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * |
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15 | ! MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * |
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16 | ! GNU General Public License for more details. * |
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17 | ! * |
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18 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * |
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19 | ! along with FLEXPART. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * |
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20 | !********************************************************************** |
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21 | |
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22 | subroutine get_wetscav(itime,ltsample,loutnext,jpart,ks,grfraction,inc_count,blc_count,wetscav) |
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23 | ! i i i i i o o o o |
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24 | !***************************************************************************** |
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25 | ! * |
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26 | ! Calculation of wet deposition using the concept of scavenging coefficients.* |
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27 | ! For lack of detailed information, washout and rainout are jointly treated. * |
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28 | ! It is assumed that precipitation does not occur uniformly within the whole * |
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29 | ! grid cell, but that only a fraction of the grid cell experiences rainfall. * |
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30 | ! This fraction is parameterized from total cloud cover and rates of large * |
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31 | ! scale and convective precipitation. * |
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32 | ! * |
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33 | ! Author: A. Stohl * |
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34 | ! * |
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35 | ! 1 December 1996 * |
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36 | ! * |
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37 | ! Correction by Petra Seibert, Sept 2002: * |
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38 | ! use centred precipitation data for integration * |
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39 | ! Code may not be correct for decay of deposition! * |
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40 | ! * |
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41 | !***************************************************************************** |
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42 | ! * |
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43 | ! Variables: * |
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44 | ! cc [0-1] total cloud cover * |
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45 | ! convp [mm/h] convective precipitation rate * |
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46 | ! grfraction [0-1] fraction of grid, for which precipitation occurs * |
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47 | ! ix,jy indices of output grid cell for each particle * |
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48 | ! itime [s] actual simulation time [s] * |
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49 | ! jpart particle index * |
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50 | ! lfr, cfr area fraction covered by precipitation for large scale * |
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51 | ! and convective precipitation (dependent on prec. rate) * |
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52 | ! loutnext [s] time for which gridded deposition is next output * |
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53 | ! loutstep [s] interval at which gridded deposition is output * |
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54 | ! lsp [mm/h] large scale precipitation rate * |
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55 | ! ltsample [s] interval over which mass is deposited * |
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56 | ! prec [mm/h] precipitation rate in subgrid, where precipitation occurs* |
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57 | ! wetgrid accumulated deposited mass on output grid * |
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58 | ! wetscav scavenging coefficient * |
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59 | ! * |
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60 | ! Constants: * |
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61 | ! * |
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62 | !***************************************************************************** |
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63 | |
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64 | use point_mod |
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65 | use par_mod |
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66 | use com_mod |
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67 | |
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68 | implicit none |
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69 | |
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70 | integer :: jpart,itime,ltsample,loutnext,i,j,ix,jy |
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71 | integer :: ngrid,hz,il,interp_time, n |
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72 | integer(kind=1) :: clouds_v |
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73 | integer :: ks, kp |
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74 | integer(selected_int_kind(16)), dimension(nspec) :: blc_count, inc_count |
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75 | |
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76 | ! integer :: n1,n2, icbot,ictop, indcloud !TEST |
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77 | real :: S_i, act_temp, cl, cle ! in cloud scavenging |
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78 | real :: clouds_h ! cloud height for the specific grid point |
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79 | real :: xtn,ytn,lsp,convp,cc,grfraction(3),prec(3),wetscav,totprec |
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80 | real :: restmass |
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81 | real,parameter :: smallnum = tiny(0.0) ! smallest number that can be handled |
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82 | !save lfr,cfr |
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83 | |
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84 | real, parameter :: lfr(5) = (/ 0.5,0.65,0.8,0.9,0.95/) |
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85 | real, parameter :: cfr(5) = (/ 0.4,0.55,0.7,0.8,0.9 /) |
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86 | |
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87 | !ZHG aerosol below-cloud scavenging removal polynomial constants for rain and snow |
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88 | real, parameter :: bclr(6) = (/274.35758, 332839.59273, 226656.57259, 58005.91340, 6588.38582, 0.244984/) !rain (Laakso et al 2003) |
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89 | real, parameter :: bcls(6) = (/22.7, 0.0, 0.0, 1321.0, 381.0, 0.0/) !now (Kyro et al 2009) |
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90 | real :: frac_act, liq_frac, dquer_m |
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91 | |
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92 | real :: Si_dummy, wetscav_dummy |
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93 | logical :: readclouds_this_nest |
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94 | |
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95 | |
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96 | wetscav=0. |
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97 | |
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98 | ! Determine which nesting level to be used |
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99 | !***************************************** |
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100 | ngrid=0 |
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101 | do j=numbnests,1,-1 |
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102 | if ((xtra1(jpart).gt.xln(j)).and.(xtra1(jpart).lt.xrn(j)).and. & |
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103 | (ytra1(jpart).gt.yln(j)).and.(ytra1(jpart).lt.yrn(j))) then |
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104 | ngrid=j |
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105 | goto 23 |
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106 | endif |
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107 | end do |
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108 | 23 continue |
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109 | |
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110 | |
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111 | ! Determine nested grid coordinates |
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112 | !********************************** |
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113 | readclouds_this_nest=.false. |
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114 | |
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115 | if (ngrid.gt.0) then |
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116 | xtn=(xtra1(jpart)-xln(ngrid))*xresoln(ngrid) |
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117 | ytn=(ytra1(jpart)-yln(ngrid))*yresoln(ngrid) |
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118 | ix=int(xtn) |
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119 | jy=int(ytn) |
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120 | if (readclouds_nest(ngrid)) readclouds_this_nest=.true. |
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121 | else |
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122 | ix=int(xtra1(jpart)) |
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123 | jy=int(ytra1(jpart)) |
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124 | endif |
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125 | |
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126 | ! Interpolate large scale precipitation, convective precipitation and |
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127 | ! total cloud cover |
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128 | ! Note that interpolated time refers to itime-0.5*ltsample [PS] |
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129 | !******************************************************************** |
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130 | interp_time=nint(itime-0.5*ltsample) |
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131 | |
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132 | n=memind(2) |
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133 | if (abs(memtime(1)-interp_time).lt.abs(memtime(2)-interp_time)) & |
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134 | n=memind(1) |
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135 | |
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136 | if (ngrid.eq.0) then |
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137 | call interpol_rain(lsprec,convprec,tcc,nxmax,nymax, & |
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138 | 1,nx,ny,n,real(xtra1(jpart)),real(ytra1(jpart)),1, & |
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139 | memtime(1),memtime(2),interp_time,lsp,convp,cc) |
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140 | else |
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141 | call interpol_rain_nests(lsprecn,convprecn,tccn, & |
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142 | nxmaxn,nymaxn,1,maxnests,ngrid,nxn,nyn,n,xtn,ytn,1, & |
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143 | memtime(1),memtime(2),interp_time,lsp,convp,cc) |
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144 | endif |
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145 | |
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146 | ! If total precipitation is less than 0.01 mm/h - no scavenging occurs |
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147 | if ((lsp.lt.0.01).and.(convp.lt.0.01)) goto 20 |
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148 | |
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149 | ! get the level were the actual particle is in |
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150 | do il=2,nz |
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151 | if (height(il).gt.ztra1(jpart)) then |
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152 | hz=il-1 |
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153 | exit |
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154 | endif |
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155 | end do |
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156 | |
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157 | if (ngrid.eq.0) then |
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158 | clouds_v=clouds(ix,jy,hz,n) |
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159 | clouds_h=cloudsh(ix,jy,n) |
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160 | else |
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161 | clouds_v=cloudsn(ix,jy,hz,n,ngrid) |
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162 | clouds_h=cloudshn(ix,jy,n,ngrid) |
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163 | endif |
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164 | |
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165 | ! if there is no precipitation or the particle is above the clouds no |
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166 | ! scavenging is done |
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167 | |
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168 | if (clouds_v.le.1) goto 20 |
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169 | |
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170 | ! 1) Parameterization of the the area fraction of the grid cell where the |
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171 | ! precipitation occurs: the absolute limit is the total cloud cover, but |
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172 | ! for low precipitation rates, an even smaller fraction of the grid cell |
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173 | ! is used. Large scale precipitation occurs over larger areas than |
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174 | ! convective precipitation. |
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175 | !************************************************************************** |
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176 | |
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177 | if (lsp.gt.20.) then |
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178 | i=5 |
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179 | else if (lsp.gt.8.) then |
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180 | i=4 |
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181 | else if (lsp.gt.3.) then |
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182 | i=3 |
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183 | else if (lsp.gt.1.) then |
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184 | i=2 |
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185 | else |
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186 | i=1 |
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187 | endif |
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188 | |
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189 | if (convp.gt.20.) then |
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190 | j=5 |
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191 | else if (convp.gt.8.) then |
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192 | j=4 |
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193 | else if (convp.gt.3.) then |
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194 | j=3 |
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195 | else if (convp.gt.1.) then |
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196 | j=2 |
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197 | else |
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198 | j=1 |
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199 | endif |
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200 | |
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201 | |
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202 | !ZHG oct 2014 : Calculated for 1) both 2) lsp 3) convp - 2 and 3 not used removed by SE |
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203 | ! Tentatively differentiate the grfraction for lsp and convp for treating differently the two forms |
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204 | ! for now they are treated the same |
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205 | grfraction(1)=max(0.05,cc*(lsp*lfr(i)+convp*cfr(j))/(lsp+convp)) |
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206 | |
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207 | ! 2) Computation of precipitation rate in sub-grid cell |
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208 | !****************************************************** |
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209 | prec(1)=(lsp+convp)/grfraction(1) |
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210 | |
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211 | ! 3) Computation of scavenging coefficients for all species |
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212 | ! Computation of wet deposition |
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213 | !********************************************************** |
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214 | |
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215 | if (ngrid.gt.0) then |
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216 | act_temp=ttn(ix,jy,hz,n,ngrid) |
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217 | else |
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218 | act_temp=tt(ix,jy,hz,n) |
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219 | endif |
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220 | |
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221 | !*********************** |
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222 | ! BELOW CLOUD SCAVENGING |
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223 | !*********************** |
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224 | if (clouds_v.ge.4) then !below cloud |
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225 | |
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226 | ! For gas: if positive below-cloud parameters (A or B), and dquer<=0 |
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227 | !****************************************************************** |
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228 | if ((dquer(ks).le.0.).and.(weta_gas(ks).gt.0..or.wetb_gas(ks).gt.0.)) then |
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229 | blc_count(ks)=blc_count(ks)+1 |
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230 | wetscav=weta_gas(ks)*prec(1)**wetb_gas(ks) |
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231 | |
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232 | ! For aerosols: if positive below-cloud parameters (Crain/Csnow or B), and dquer>0 |
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233 | !********************************************************************************* |
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234 | else if ((dquer(ks).gt.0.).and.(crain_aero(ks).gt.0..or.csnow_aero(ks).gt.0.)) then |
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235 | blc_count(ks)=blc_count(ks)+1 |
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236 | |
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237 | !NIK 17.02.2015 |
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238 | ! For the calculation here particle size needs to be in meter and not um as dquer is |
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239 | ! changed in readreleases |
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240 | ! For particles larger than 10 um use the largest size defined in the parameterizations (10um) |
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241 | dquer_m=min(10.,dquer(ks))/1000000. !conversion from um to m |
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242 | |
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243 | ! Rain: |
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244 | if (act_temp .ge. 273. .and. crain_aero(ks).gt.0.) then |
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245 | |
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246 | ! ZHG 2014 : Particle RAIN scavenging coefficient based on Laakso et al 2003, |
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247 | ! the below-cloud scavenging (rain efficienty) parameter Crain (=crain_aero) from SPECIES file |
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248 | wetscav=crain_aero(ks)*10**(bclr(1)+(bclr(2)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-4))+ & |
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249 | & (bclr(3)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-3))+ (bclr(4)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-2))+& |
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250 | &(bclr(5)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-1))+bclr(6)* (prec(1))**(0.5)) |
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251 | |
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252 | ! Snow: |
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253 | elseif (act_temp .lt. 273. .and. csnow_aero(ks).gt.0.) then |
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254 | ! ZHG 2014 : Particle SNOW scavenging coefficient based on Kyro et al 2009, |
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255 | ! the below-cloud scavenging (Snow efficiency) parameter Csnow (=csnow_aero) from SPECIES file |
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256 | wetscav=csnow_aero(ks)*10**(bcls(1)+(bcls(2)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-4))+& |
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257 | &(bcls(3)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-3))+ (bcls(4)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-2))+& |
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258 | &(bcls(5)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-1))+ bcls(6)* (prec(1))**(0.5)) |
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259 | |
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260 | endif |
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261 | |
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262 | endif ! gas or particle |
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263 | ! endif ! positive below-cloud scavenging parameters given in Species file |
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264 | endif !end BELOW |
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265 | |
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266 | !******************** |
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267 | ! IN CLOUD SCAVENGING |
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268 | !******************** |
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269 | if (clouds_v.lt.4) then ! In-cloud |
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270 | ! NIK 13 may 2015: only do incloud if positive in-cloud scavenging parameters are |
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271 | ! given in species file, or if gas and positive Henry's constant |
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272 | if ((ccn_aero(ks).gt.0. .or. in_aero(ks).gt.0.).or.(henry(ks).gt.0.and.dquer(ks).le.0)) then |
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273 | inc_count(ks)=inc_count(ks)+1 |
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274 | ! if negative coefficients (turned off) set to zero for use in equation |
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275 | if (ccn_aero(ks).lt.0.) ccn_aero(ks)=0. |
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276 | if (in_aero(ks).lt.0.) in_aero(ks)=0. |
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277 | |
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278 | !ZHG 2015 Cloud liquid & ice water (CLWC+CIWC) from ECMWF |
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279 | ! nested fields |
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280 | if (ngrid.gt.0.and.readclouds_this_nest) then |
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281 | cl=ctwcn(ix,jy,n,ngrid)*(grfraction(1)/cc) |
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282 | else if (ngrid.eq.0.and.readclouds) then |
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283 | cl=ctwc(ix,jy,n)*(grfraction(1)/cc) |
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284 | else !parameterize cloudwater m2/m3 |
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285 | !ZHG updated parameterization of cloud water to better reproduce the values coming from ECMWF |
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286 | ! sec test |
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287 | ! cl=1E6*1E-7*prec(1)**0.3 !Sec GFS new |
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288 | cl=1E6*2E-7*prec(1)**0.36 !Sec ECMWF new, is also suitable for GFS |
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289 | ! cl=2E-7*prec(1)**0.36 !Andreas |
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290 | ! cl=1.6E-6*prec(1)**0.36 !Henrik |
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291 | endif |
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292 | |
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293 | !ZHG: Calculate the partition between liquid and water phase water. |
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294 | if (act_temp .le. 253.) then |
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295 | liq_frac=0 |
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296 | else if (act_temp .ge. 273.) then |
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297 | liq_frac=1 |
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298 | else |
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299 | liq_frac =((act_temp-273.)/(273.-253.))**2. |
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300 | end if |
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301 | ! ZHG: Calculate the aerosol partition based on cloud phase and Ai and Bi |
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302 | frac_act = liq_frac*ccn_aero(ks) +(1-liq_frac)*in_aero(ks) |
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303 | |
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304 | !ZHG Use the activated fraction and the liqid water to calculate the washout |
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305 | |
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306 | ! AEROSOL |
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307 | !******** |
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308 | if (dquer(ks).gt.0.) then |
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309 | S_i= frac_act/cl |
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310 | ! GAS |
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311 | !**** |
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312 | else |
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313 | cle=(1-cl)/(henry(ks)*(r_air/3500.)*act_temp)+cl |
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314 | S_i=1/cle |
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315 | endif ! gas or particle |
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316 | |
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317 | ! scavenging coefficient based on Hertel et al 1995 - using the S_i for either gas or aerosol |
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318 | !SEC wetscav fix, the cloud height is no longer needed, it gives wrong results |
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319 | wetscav=incloud_ratio*S_i*(prec(1)/3.6E6) |
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320 | endif ! positive in-cloud scavenging parameters given in Species file |
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321 | endif !incloud |
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322 | |
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323 | |
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324 | 20 continue |
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325 | |
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326 | end subroutine get_wetscav |
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