| 1 | !********************************************************************** |
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| 2 | ! Copyright 1998-2015 * |
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| 3 | ! Andreas Stohl, Petra Seibert, A. Frank, Gerhard Wotawa, * |
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| 4 | ! Caroline Forster, Sabine Eckhardt, John Burkhart, Harald Sodemann * |
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| 5 | ! * |
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| 6 | ! This file is part of FLEXPART. * |
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| 7 | ! * |
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| 8 | ! FLEXPART is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * |
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| 9 | ! it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by* |
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| 10 | ! the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * |
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| 11 | ! (at your option) any later version. * |
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| 12 | ! * |
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| 13 | ! FLEXPART is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * |
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| 14 | ! but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * |
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| 15 | ! MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * |
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| 16 | ! GNU General Public License for more details. * |
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| 17 | ! * |
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| 18 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * |
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| 19 | ! along with FLEXPART. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * |
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| 20 | !********************************************************************** |
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| 21 | |
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| 22 | subroutine wetdepo(itime,ltsample,loutnext) |
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| 23 | ! i i i |
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| 24 | !***************************************************************************** |
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| 25 | ! * |
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| 26 | ! Calculation of wet deposition using the concept of scavenging coefficients.* |
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| 27 | ! For lack of detailed information, washout and rainout are jointly treated. * |
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| 28 | ! It is assumed that precipitation does not occur uniformly within the whole * |
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| 29 | ! grid cell, but that only a fraction of the grid cell experiences rainfall. * |
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| 30 | ! This fraction is parameterized from total cloud cover and rates of large * |
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| 31 | ! scale and convective precipitation. * |
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| 32 | ! * |
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| 33 | ! Author: A. Stohl * |
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| 34 | ! * |
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| 35 | ! 1 December 1996 * |
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| 36 | ! * |
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| 37 | ! Correction by Petra Seibert, Sept 2002: * |
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| 38 | ! use centred precipitation data for integration * |
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| 39 | ! Code may not be correct for decay of deposition! * |
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| 40 | ! * |
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| 41 | ! PS, 2/2015: implement wet depo quick fix from 2011/12 in this version |
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| 42 | ! it implements interpolated and improved clouds |
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| 43 | ! Also, certain deficiencies for thin clouds fixed also |
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| 44 | ! Pass itage to wetdepokernel |
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| 45 | ! * |
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| 46 | !***************************************************************************** |
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| 47 | ! * |
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| 48 | ! Variables: * |
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| 49 | ! cc [0-1] total cloud cover * |
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| 50 | ! convp [mm/h] convective precipitation rate * |
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| 51 | ! grfraction [0-1] fraction of grid, for which precipitation occurs * |
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| 52 | ! ix,jy indices of output grid cell for each particle * |
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| 53 | ! itime [s] actual simulation time [s] * |
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| 54 | ! jpart particle index * |
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| 55 | ! ldeltat [s] interval since radioactive decay was computed * |
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| 56 | ! lfr, cfr area fraction covered by precipitation for large scale * |
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| 57 | ! and convective precipitation (dependent on prec. rate) * |
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| 58 | ! loutnext [s] time for which gridded deposition is next output * |
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| 59 | ! loutstep [s] interval at which gridded deposition is output * |
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| 60 | ! lsp [mm/h] large scale precipitation rate * |
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| 61 | ! ltsample [s] interval over which mass is deposited * |
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| 62 | ! prec [mm/h] precipitation rate in subgrid, where precipitation occurs* |
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| 63 | ! wetdeposit mass that is wet deposited * |
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| 64 | ! wetgrid accumulated deposited mass on output grid * |
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| 65 | ! wetscav scavenging coefficient * |
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| 66 | ! * |
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| 67 | ! Constants: * |
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| 68 | ! * |
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| 69 | !***************************************************************************** |
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| 70 | |
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| 71 | use point_mod |
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| 72 | use par_mod |
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| 73 | use com_mod |
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| 74 | |
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| 75 | implicit none |
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| 76 | |
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| 77 | integer :: jpart,itime,ltsample,loutnext,ldeltat,i,j,ix,jy |
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| 78 | integer :: ngrid,itage,nage,kz,il,interp_time,n |
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| 79 | integer :: ks, kp, n1,n2, icbot,ictop, indcloud |
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| 80 | real :: S_i, act_temp, cl, cle ! in cloud scavenging |
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| 81 | real :: xtn,ytn,lsp,convp,cc,grfraction,prec,wetscav,wetscavold,precsub,f |
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| 82 | real :: wetdeposit(maxspec),restmass |
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| 83 | real,parameter :: smallnum = tiny(0.0) ! smallest number that can be handled |
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| 84 | save lfr,cfr |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | real :: lfr(5) = (/ 0.5,0.65,0.8,0.9,0.95/) |
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| 88 | real :: cfr(5) = (/ 0.4,0.55,0.7,0.8,0.9 /) |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | ! Compute interval since radioactive decay of deposited mass was computed |
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| 91 | !************************************************************************ |
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| 92 | |
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| 93 | if (itime.le.loutnext) then |
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| 94 | ldeltat=itime-(loutnext-loutstep) |
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| 95 | else ! first half of next interval |
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| 96 | ldeltat=itime-loutnext |
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| 97 | endif |
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| 98 | |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | ! Loop over all particles |
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| 101 | !************************ |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | particle_loop: & |
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| 104 | do jpart=1,numpart |
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| 105 | |
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| 106 | if (itra1(jpart).eq.-999999999) goto 20 |
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| 107 | if (ldirect.eq.1) then |
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| 108 | if (itra1(jpart).gt.itime) goto 20 |
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| 109 | else |
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| 110 | if (itra1(jpart).lt.itime) goto 20 |
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| 111 | endif |
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| 112 | |
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| 113 | ! Determine age class of the particle |
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| 114 | itage=abs(itra1(jpart)-itramem(jpart)) |
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| 115 | do nage=1,nageclass |
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| 116 | if (itage.lt.lage(nage)) goto 33 |
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| 117 | end do |
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| 118 | 33 continue |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | |
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| 121 | ! Determine which nesting level to be used |
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| 122 | !***************************************** |
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| 123 | |
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| 124 | ngrid=0 |
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| 125 | do j=numbnests,1,-1 |
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| 126 | if ((xtra1(jpart).gt.xln(j)).and.(xtra1(jpart).lt.xrn(j)).and. & |
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| 127 | (ytra1(jpart).gt.yln(j)).and.(ytra1(jpart).lt.yrn(j))) then |
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| 128 | ngrid=j |
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| 129 | goto 23 |
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| 130 | endif |
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| 131 | enddo |
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| 132 | 23 continue |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | ! Determine nested grid coordinates |
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| 136 | !********************************** |
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| 137 | |
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| 138 | if (ngrid.gt.0) then |
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| 139 | xtn=real(xtra1(jpart)-xln(ngrid))*xresoln(ngrid) |
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| 140 | ytn=real(ytra1(jpart)-yln(ngrid))*yresoln(ngrid) |
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| 141 | ix=int(xtn) |
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| 142 | jy=int(ytn) |
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| 143 | else |
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| 144 | ix=int(xtra1(jpart)) |
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| 145 | jy=int(ytra1(jpart)) |
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| 146 | endif |
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| 147 | |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | ! Interpolate large scale precipitation, convective precipitation and |
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| 150 | ! total cloud cover |
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| 151 | ! Note that interpolated time refers to itime-0.5*ltsample [PS] |
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| 152 | !******************************************************************** |
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| 153 | interp_time=nint(itime-0.5*ltsample) |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | if (ngrid.eq.0) then |
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| 156 | call interpol_rain(lsprec,convprec,tcc,nxmax,nymax,1,nx,ny,memind,& |
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| 157 | real(xtra1(jpart)),real(ytra1(jpart)), & |
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| 158 | 1,memtime(1),memtime(2),interp_time,lsp,convp,cc,icbot,ictop) |
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| 159 | else |
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| 160 | call interpol_rain_nests(lsprecn,convprecn,tccn, & |
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| 161 | nxmaxn,nymaxn,1,maxnests,ngrid,nxn,nyn,memind,xtn,ytn, & |
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| 162 | 1,memtime(1),memtime(2),interp_time,lsp,convp,cc,icbot,ictop) |
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| 163 | endif |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | ! PS 2012/2015: subtract a small value, eg 0.01 mm/h, |
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| 166 | ! to remove spurious precip; replaces previous code |
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| 167 | prec = lsp+convp |
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| 168 | precsub = 0.01 |
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| 169 | if (prec .lt. precsub) then |
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| 170 | goto 20 |
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| 171 | else |
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| 172 | f = (prec-precsub)/prec |
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| 173 | lsp = f*lsp |
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| 174 | convp = f*convp |
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| 175 | endif |
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| 176 | |
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| 177 | ! get the level were the actual particle is in |
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| 178 | do il=2,nz |
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| 179 | if (height(il).gt.ztra1(jpart)) then |
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| 180 | kz=il-1 |
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| 181 | goto 26 |
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| 182 | endif |
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| 183 | enddo |
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| 184 | 26 continue |
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| 185 | |
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| 186 | n=memind(2) |
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| 187 | if (abs(memtime(1)-interp_time).lt.abs(memtime(2)-interp_time)) & |
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| 188 | n=memind(1) |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | ! if there is no precipitation or the particle is above the clouds no |
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| 191 | ! scavenging is done |
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| 192 | ! PS: part of 2011/2012/2015 fix, replaces previous code |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | if (ztra1(jpart) .le. float(ictop)) then |
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| 195 | if (ztra1(jpart) .gt. float(icbot)) then |
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| 196 | indcloud = 2 ! in-cloud |
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| 197 | else |
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| 198 | indcloud = 1 ! below-cloud |
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| 199 | endif |
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| 200 | elseif (ictop .eq. icmv) then |
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| 201 | indcloud = 0 ! no cloud found, use old scheme |
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| 202 | else |
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| 203 | goto 20 ! above cloud |
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| 204 | endif |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | |
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| 207 | ! 1) Parameterization of the the area fraction of the grid cell where the |
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| 208 | ! precipitation occurs: the absolute limit is the total cloud cover, but |
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| 209 | ! for low precipitation rates, an even smaller fraction of the grid cell |
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| 210 | ! is used. Large scale precipitation occurs over larger areas than |
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| 211 | ! convective precipitation. |
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| 212 | !************************************************************************** |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | if (lsp.gt.20.) then |
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| 215 | i=5 |
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| 216 | else if (lsp.gt.8.) then |
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| 217 | i=4 |
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| 218 | else if (lsp.gt.3.) then |
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| 219 | i=3 |
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| 220 | else if (lsp.gt.1.) then |
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| 221 | i=2 |
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| 222 | else |
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| 223 | i=1 |
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| 224 | endif |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | if (convp.gt.20.) then |
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| 227 | j=5 |
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| 228 | else if (convp.gt.8.) then |
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| 229 | j=4 |
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| 230 | else if (convp.gt.3.) then |
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| 231 | j=3 |
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| 232 | else if (convp.gt.1.) then |
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| 233 | j=2 |
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| 234 | else |
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| 235 | j=1 |
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| 236 | endif |
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| 237 | |
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| 238 | grfraction=max(0.05,cc*(lsp*lfr(i)+convp*cfr(j))/(lsp+convp)) |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | ! 2) Computation of precipitation rate in sub-grid cell |
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| 241 | !****************************************************** |
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| 242 | |
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| 243 | prec=(lsp+convp)/grfraction |
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| 244 | |
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| 245 | ! 3) Computation of scavenging coefficients for all species |
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| 246 | ! Computation of wet deposition |
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| 247 | !********************************************************** |
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| 248 | |
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| 249 | species_loop: & |
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| 250 | do ks=1,nspec ! loop over species |
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| 251 | |
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| 252 | wetdeposit(ks)=0. |
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| 253 | wetscav=0. |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | ! NIK 09.12.13: allowed to turn off either below cloud or in-cloud by including TWO separate blocks of if tests |
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| 256 | if (weta(ks).gt.0.) then |
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| 257 | ! positive below-cloud coefficient from SPECIES file |
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| 258 | |
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| 259 | if (indcloud .eq. 1) then ! below-cloud scavenging |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | ! for aerosols and not highly soluble substances weta=5E-6 |
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| 262 | wetscav=weta(ks)*prec**wetb(ks) ! scavenging coefficient |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | elseif (indcloud .eq. 2) then ! in-cloud scavenging |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | if (ngrid.gt.0) then |
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| 267 | act_temp=ttn(ix,jy,kz,n,ngrid) |
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| 268 | else |
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| 269 | act_temp=tt(ix,jy,kz,n) |
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| 270 | endif |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | ! NIK 31.01.2013: SPECIES defined parameters for the in-cloud scavening |
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| 273 | ! weta_in=2.0E-07 (default) |
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| 274 | ! wetb_in=0.36 (default) |
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| 275 | ! wetc_in=0.9 (default) |
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| 276 | ! wetd_in: Scaling factor for the total in-cloud scavenging (default 1.0 - no scaling) |
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| 277 | cl=weta_in(ks)*prec**wetb_in(ks) |
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| 278 | if (dquer(ks).gt.0) then ! is particle |
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| 279 | S_i=wetc_in(ks)/cl |
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| 280 | else ! is gas |
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| 281 | cle=(1.-cl)/(henry(ks)*(r_air/3500.)*act_temp)+cl |
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| 282 | S_i=1./cle |
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| 283 | endif |
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| 284 | wetscav=S_i*prec/3.6E6/wetd_in(ks)/(ictop-icbot) ! 3.6e6 converts mm/h to m/s |
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| 285 | ! PS - prevent extrem values of wetscav: |
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| 286 | wetscavold = 2.e-5*prec**0.8 |
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| 287 | wetscav = min( 0.1*wetscav, wetscavold ) ! here we sacle the above wetscav. This is now twice, also in wetd_in. |
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| 288 | |
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| 289 | else ! PS: no cloud diagnosed, old scheme, |
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| 290 | |
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| 291 | ! PS using with fixed a,b for simplicity, one may wish to change!! |
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| 292 | wetscav = 2.e-5*prec**0.8 ! was before: 1.e-4*prec**0.62 |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | endif ! end regime cases |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | ! calculate deposition |
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| 297 | wetdeposit(ks)=xmass1(jpart,ks)* & |
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| 298 | (1.-exp(-wetscav*abs(ltsample)))*grfraction |
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| 299 | restmass = xmass1(jpart,ks)-wetdeposit(ks) |
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| 300 | if (ioutputforeachrelease.eq.1) then |
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| 301 | kp=npoint(jpart) |
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| 302 | else |
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| 303 | kp=1 |
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| 304 | endif |
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| 305 | if (restmass .gt. smallnum) then |
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| 306 | xmass1(jpart,ks)=restmass |
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| 307 | ! depostatistic: |
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| 308 | !! wetdepo_sum(ks,kp)=wetdepo_sum(ks,kp)+wetdeposit(ks) |
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| 309 | else |
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| 310 | xmass1(jpart,ks)=0. |
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| 311 | endif |
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| 312 | ! Correct deposited mass to the last time step when radioactive decay of |
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| 313 | ! gridded deposited mass was calculated |
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| 314 | if (decay(ks).gt.0.) & |
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| 315 | wetdeposit(ks)=wetdeposit(ks)*exp(abs(ldeltat)*decay(ks)) |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | else ! weta(k) <= 0 |
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| 318 | |
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| 319 | wetdeposit(ks)=0. |
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| 320 | |
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| 321 | endif |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | enddo species_loop |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | ! Sabine Eckhardt, June 2008: write deposition only in forward runs |
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| 326 | ! add the wet deposition from this step to accumulated amount |
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| 327 | ! on output grid and nested output grid |
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| 328 | |
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| 329 | if (ldirect.eq.1) then |
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| 330 | call wetdepokernel(nclass(jpart),wetdeposit, & |
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| 331 | real(xtra1(jpart)),real(ytra1(jpart)),itage,nage,kp) |
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| 332 | if (nested_output.eq.1) call wetdepokernel_nest(nclass(jpart), & |
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| 333 | wetdeposit,real(xtra1(jpart)),real(ytra1(jpart)),itage,nage,kp) |
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| 334 | endif |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | 20 continue ! jump here for particles not to be treated |
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| 337 | enddo particle_loop |
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| 338 | |
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| 339 | end subroutine wetdepo |
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