| 1 | !********************************************************************** |
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| 2 | ! Copyright 1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2005,2007,2008,2009,2010 * |
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| 3 | ! Andreas Stohl, Petra Seibert, A. Frank, Gerhard Wotawa, * |
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| 4 | ! Caroline Forster, Sabine Eckhardt, John Burkhart, Harald Sodemann * |
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| 5 | ! * |
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| 6 | ! This file is part of FLEXPART. * |
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| 7 | ! * |
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| 8 | ! FLEXPART is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * |
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| 9 | ! it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by* |
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| 10 | ! the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * |
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| 11 | ! (at your option) any later version. * |
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| 12 | ! * |
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| 13 | ! FLEXPART is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * |
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| 14 | ! but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * |
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| 15 | ! MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * |
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| 16 | ! GNU General Public License for more details. * |
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| 17 | ! * |
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| 18 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * |
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| 19 | ! along with FLEXPART. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * |
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| 20 | !********************************************************************** |
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| 21 | |
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| 22 | subroutine wetdepo(itime,ltsample,loutnext) |
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| 23 | ! i i i |
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| 24 | !***************************************************************************** |
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| 25 | ! * |
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| 26 | ! Calculation of wet deposition using the concept of scavenging coefficients.* |
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| 27 | ! For lack of detailed information, washout and rainout are jointly treated. * |
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| 28 | ! It is assumed that precipitation does not occur uniformly within the whole * |
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| 29 | ! grid cell, but that only a fraction of the grid cell experiences rainfall. * |
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| 30 | ! This fraction is parameterized from total cloud cover and rates of large * |
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| 31 | ! scale and convective precipitation. * |
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| 32 | ! * |
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| 33 | ! Author: A. Stohl * |
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| 34 | ! * |
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| 35 | ! 1 December 1996 * |
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| 36 | ! * |
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| 37 | ! Correction by Petra Seibert, Sept 2002: * |
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| 38 | ! use centred precipitation data for integration * |
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| 39 | ! Code may not be correct for decay of deposition! * |
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| 40 | ! * |
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| 41 | !***************************************************************************** |
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| 42 | ! * |
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| 43 | ! Variables: * |
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| 44 | ! cc [0-1] total cloud cover * |
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| 45 | ! convp [mm/h] convective precipitation rate * |
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| 46 | ! grfraction [0-1] fraction of grid, for which precipitation occurs * |
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| 47 | ! ix,jy indices of output grid cell for each particle * |
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| 48 | ! itime [s] actual simulation time [s] * |
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| 49 | ! jpart particle index * |
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| 50 | ! ldeltat [s] interval since radioactive decay was computed * |
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| 51 | ! lfr, cfr area fraction covered by precipitation for large scale * |
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| 52 | ! and convective precipitation (dependent on prec. rate) * |
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| 53 | ! loutnext [s] time for which gridded deposition is next output * |
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| 54 | ! loutstep [s] interval at which gridded deposition is output * |
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| 55 | ! lsp [mm/h] large scale precipitation rate * |
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| 56 | ! ltsample [s] interval over which mass is deposited * |
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| 57 | ! prec [mm/h] precipitation rate in subgrid, where precipitation occurs* |
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| 58 | ! wetdeposit mass that is wet deposited * |
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| 59 | ! wetgrid accumulated deposited mass on output grid * |
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| 60 | ! wetscav scavenging coefficient * |
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| 61 | ! * |
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| 62 | ! Constants: * |
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| 63 | ! * |
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| 64 | !***************************************************************************** |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | use point_mod |
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| 67 | use par_mod |
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| 68 | use com_mod |
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| 69 | |
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| 70 | implicit none |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | integer :: jpart,itime,ltsample,loutnext,ldeltat,i,j,ix,jy |
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| 73 | integer :: ngrid,itage,nage,hz,il,interp_time, n |
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| 74 | integer(kind=1) :: clouds_v |
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| 75 | integer :: ks, kp |
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| 76 | ! integer :: n1,n2, icbot,ictop, indcloud !TEST |
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| 77 | real :: S_i, act_temp, cl, cle ! in cloud scavenging |
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| 78 | real :: clouds_h ! cloud height for the specific grid point |
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| 79 | real :: xtn,ytn,lsp,convp,cc,grfraction(3),prec(3),wetscav,totprec |
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| 80 | real :: wetdeposit(maxspec),restmass |
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| 81 | real,parameter :: smallnum = tiny(0.0) ! smallest number that can be handled |
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| 82 | !save lfr,cfr |
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| 83 | |
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| 84 | real, parameter :: lfr(5) = (/ 0.5,0.65,0.8,0.9,0.95/) |
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| 85 | real, parameter :: cfr(5) = (/ 0.4,0.55,0.7,0.8,0.9 /) |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | !ZHG aerosol below-cloud scavenging removal polynomial constants for rain and snow |
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| 88 | real, parameter :: bclr(6) = (/274.35758, 332839.59273, 226656.57259, 58005.91340, 6588.38582, 0.244984/) !rain (Laakso et al 2003) |
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| 89 | real, parameter :: bcls(6) = (/22.7, 0.0, 0.0, 1321.0, 381.0, 0.0/) !now (Kyro et al 2009) |
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| 90 | real :: frac_act, liq_frac, dquer_m |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | integer :: blc_count, inc_count |
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| 93 | real :: Si_dummy, wetscav_dummy |
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| 94 | logical :: readclouds_this_nest |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | |
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| 97 | ! Compute interval since radioactive decay of deposited mass was computed |
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| 98 | !************************************************************************ |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | if (itime.le.loutnext) then |
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| 101 | ldeltat=itime-(loutnext-loutstep) |
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| 102 | else ! first half of next interval |
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| 103 | ldeltat=itime-loutnext |
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| 104 | endif |
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| 105 | |
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| 106 | ! Loop over all particles |
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| 107 | !************************ |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | blc_count=0 |
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| 110 | inc_count=0 |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | do jpart=1,numpart |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | if (itra1(jpart).eq.-999999999) goto 20 |
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| 115 | if(ldirect.eq.1)then |
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| 116 | if (itra1(jpart).gt.itime) goto 20 |
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| 117 | else |
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| 118 | if (itra1(jpart).lt.itime) goto 20 |
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| 119 | endif |
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| 120 | |
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| 121 | ! Determine age class of the particle |
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| 122 | itage=abs(itra1(jpart)-itramem(jpart)) |
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| 123 | do nage=1,nageclass |
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| 124 | if (itage.lt.lage(nage)) goto 33 |
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| 125 | end do |
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| 126 | 33 continue |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | |
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| 129 | ! Determine which nesting level to be used |
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| 130 | !***************************************** |
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| 131 | |
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| 132 | ngrid=0 |
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| 133 | do j=numbnests,1,-1 |
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| 134 | if ((xtra1(jpart).gt.xln(j)).and.(xtra1(jpart).lt.xrn(j)).and. & |
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| 135 | (ytra1(jpart).gt.yln(j)).and.(ytra1(jpart).lt.yrn(j))) then |
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| 136 | ngrid=j |
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| 137 | goto 23 |
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| 138 | endif |
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| 139 | end do |
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| 140 | 23 continue |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | |
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| 143 | ! Determine nested grid coordinates |
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| 144 | !********************************** |
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| 145 | readclouds_this_nest=.false. |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | if (ngrid.gt.0) then |
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| 148 | xtn=(xtra1(jpart)-xln(ngrid))*xresoln(ngrid) |
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| 149 | ytn=(ytra1(jpart)-yln(ngrid))*yresoln(ngrid) |
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| 150 | ix=int(xtn) |
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| 151 | jy=int(ytn) |
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| 152 | if (readclouds_nest(ngrid)) readclouds_this_nest=.true. |
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| 153 | else |
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| 154 | ix=int(xtra1(jpart)) |
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| 155 | jy=int(ytra1(jpart)) |
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| 156 | endif |
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| 157 | |
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| 158 | |
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| 159 | ! Interpolate large scale precipitation, convective precipitation and |
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| 160 | ! total cloud cover |
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| 161 | ! Note that interpolated time refers to itime-0.5*ltsample [PS] |
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| 162 | !******************************************************************** |
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| 163 | interp_time=nint(itime-0.5*ltsample) |
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| 164 | |
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| 165 | if (ngrid.eq.0) then |
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| 166 | call interpol_rain(lsprec,convprec,tcc,nxmax,nymax, & |
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| 167 | 1,nx,ny,memind,real(xtra1(jpart)),real(ytra1(jpart)),1, & |
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| 168 | memtime(1),memtime(2),interp_time,lsp,convp,cc) |
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| 169 | else |
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| 170 | call interpol_rain_nests(lsprecn,convprecn,tccn, & |
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| 171 | nxmaxn,nymaxn,1,maxnests,ngrid,nxn,nyn,memind,xtn,ytn,1, & |
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| 172 | memtime(1),memtime(2),interp_time,lsp,convp,cc) |
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| 173 | endif |
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| 174 | |
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| 175 | ! If total precipitation is less than 0.01 mm/h - no scavenging occurs |
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| 176 | if ((lsp.lt.0.01).and.(convp.lt.0.01)) goto 20 |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | ! get the level were the actual particle is in |
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| 179 | do il=2,nz |
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| 180 | if (height(il).gt.ztra1(jpart)) then |
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| 181 | hz=il-1 |
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| 182 | ! goto 26 |
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| 183 | exit |
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| 184 | endif |
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| 185 | end do |
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| 186 | !26 continue |
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| 187 | |
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| 188 | n=memind(2) |
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| 189 | if (abs(memtime(1)-interp_time).lt.abs(memtime(2)-interp_time)) & |
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| 190 | n=memind(1) |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | if (ngrid.eq.0) then |
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| 193 | clouds_v=clouds(ix,jy,hz,n) |
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| 194 | clouds_h=cloudsh(ix,jy,n) |
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| 195 | else |
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| 196 | clouds_v=cloudsn(ix,jy,hz,n,ngrid) |
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| 197 | clouds_h=cloudshn(ix,jy,n,ngrid) |
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| 198 | endif |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | ! if there is no precipitation or the particle is above the clouds no |
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| 201 | ! scavenging is done |
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| 202 | |
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| 203 | if (clouds_v.le.1) goto 20 |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | ! 1) Parameterization of the the area fraction of the grid cell where the |
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| 206 | ! precipitation occurs: the absolute limit is the total cloud cover, but |
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| 207 | ! for low precipitation rates, an even smaller fraction of the grid cell |
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| 208 | ! is used. Large scale precipitation occurs over larger areas than |
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| 209 | ! convective precipitation. |
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| 210 | !************************************************************************** |
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| 211 | |
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| 212 | if (lsp.gt.20.) then |
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| 213 | i=5 |
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| 214 | else if (lsp.gt.8.) then |
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| 215 | i=4 |
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| 216 | else if (lsp.gt.3.) then |
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| 217 | i=3 |
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| 218 | else if (lsp.gt.1.) then |
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| 219 | i=2 |
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| 220 | else |
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| 221 | i=1 |
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| 222 | endif |
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| 223 | |
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| 224 | if (convp.gt.20.) then |
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| 225 | j=5 |
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| 226 | else if (convp.gt.8.) then |
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| 227 | j=4 |
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| 228 | else if (convp.gt.3.) then |
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| 229 | j=3 |
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| 230 | else if (convp.gt.1.) then |
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| 231 | j=2 |
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| 232 | else |
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| 233 | j=1 |
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| 234 | endif |
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| 235 | |
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| 236 | |
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| 237 | !ZHG oct 2014 : Calculated for 1) both 2) lsp 3) convp |
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| 238 | ! Tentatively differentiate the grfraction for lsp and convp for treating differently the two forms |
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| 239 | ! for now they are treated the same |
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| 240 | grfraction(1)=max(0.05,cc*(lsp*lfr(i)+convp*cfr(j))/(lsp+convp)) |
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| 241 | grfraction(2)=max(0.05,cc*(lfr(i))) |
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| 242 | grfraction(3)=max(0.05,cc*(cfr(j))) |
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| 243 | |
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| 244 | |
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| 245 | ! 2) Computation of precipitation rate in sub-grid cell |
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| 246 | !****************************************************** |
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| 247 | prec(1)=(lsp+convp)/grfraction(1) |
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| 248 | prec(2)=(lsp)/grfraction(2) |
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| 249 | prec(3)=(convp)/grfraction(3) |
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| 250 | |
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| 251 | |
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| 252 | ! 3) Computation of scavenging coefficients for all species |
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| 253 | ! Computation of wet deposition |
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| 254 | !********************************************************** |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | do ks=1,nspec ! loop over species |
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| 257 | wetdeposit(ks)=0. |
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| 258 | wetscav=0. |
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| 259 | |
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| 260 | if (ngrid.gt.0) then |
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| 261 | act_temp=ttn(ix,jy,hz,n,ngrid) |
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| 262 | else |
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| 263 | act_temp=tt(ix,jy,hz,n) |
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| 264 | endif |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | |
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| 267 | !*********************** |
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| 268 | ! BELOW CLOUD SCAVENGING |
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| 269 | !*********************** |
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| 270 | if (clouds_v.ge.4) then !below cloud |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | ! For gas: if positive below-cloud parameters (A or B), and dquer<=0 |
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| 273 | !****************************************************************** |
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| 274 | if ((dquer(ks).le.0.).and.(weta_gas(ks).gt.0..or.wetb_gas(ks).gt.0.)) then |
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| 275 | ! if (weta(ks).gt.0. .or. wetb(ks).gt.0.) then |
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| 276 | blc_count=blc_count+1 |
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| 277 | wetscav=weta_gas(ks)*prec(1)**wetb_gas(ks) |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | ! For aerosols: if positive below-cloud parameters (Crain/Csnow or B), and dquer>0 |
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| 280 | !********************************************************************************* |
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| 281 | else if ((dquer(ks).gt.0.).and.(crain_aero(ks).gt.0..or.csnow_aero(ks).gt.0.)) then |
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| 282 | blc_count=blc_count+1 |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | !NIK 17.02.2015 |
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| 285 | ! For the calculation here particle size needs to be in meter and not um as dquer is |
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| 286 | ! changed in readreleases |
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| 287 | ! For particles larger than 10 um use the largest size defined in the parameterizations (10um) |
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| 288 | dquer_m=min(10.,dquer(ks))/1000000. !conversion from um to m |
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| 289 | |
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| 290 | ! Rain: |
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| 291 | if (act_temp .ge. 273. .and. crain_aero(ks).gt.0.) then |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | ! ZHG 2014 : Particle RAIN scavenging coefficient based on Laakso et al 2003, |
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| 294 | ! the below-cloud scavenging (rain efficienty) parameter Crain (=crain_aero) from SPECIES file |
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| 295 | wetscav=crain_aero(ks)*10**(bclr(1)+(bclr(2)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-4))+ & |
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| 296 | & (bclr(3)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-3))+ (bclr(4)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-2))+& |
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| 297 | &(bclr(5)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-1))+bclr(6)* (prec(1))**(0.5)) |
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| 298 | |
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| 299 | ! Snow: |
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| 300 | elseif (act_temp .lt. 273. .and. csnow_aero(ks).gt.0.) then |
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| 301 | ! ZHG 2014 : Particle SNOW scavenging coefficient based on Kyro et al 2009, |
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| 302 | ! the below-cloud scavenging (Snow efficiency) parameter Csnow (=csnow_aero) from SPECIES file |
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| 303 | wetscav=csnow_aero(ks)*10**(bcls(1)+(bcls(2)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-4))+& |
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| 304 | &(bcls(3)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-3))+ (bcls(4)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-2))+& |
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| 305 | &(bcls(5)*(log10(dquer_m))**(-1))+ bcls(6)* (prec(1))**(0.5)) |
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| 306 | |
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| 307 | endif |
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| 308 | |
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| 309 | ! write(*,*) 'bl-cloud, act_temp=',act_temp, ',prec=',prec(1),',wetscav=', wetscav, ', jpart=',jpart |
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| 310 | |
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| 311 | endif ! gas or particle |
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| 312 | ! endif ! positive below-cloud scavenging parameters given in Species file |
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| 313 | endif !end BELOW |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | !******************** |
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| 316 | ! IN CLOUD SCAVENGING |
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| 317 | !******************** |
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| 318 | if (clouds_v.lt.4) then ! In-cloud |
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| 319 | ! NIK 13 may 2015: only do incloud if positive in-cloud scavenging parameters are |
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| 320 | ! given in species file, or if gas and positive Henry's constant |
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| 321 | if ((ccn_aero(ks).gt.0. .or. in_aero(ks).gt.0.).or.(henry(ks).gt.0.and.dquer(ks).le.0)) then |
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| 322 | inc_count=inc_count+1 |
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| 323 | ! if negative coefficients (turned off) set to zero for use in equation |
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| 324 | if (ccn_aero(ks).lt.0.) ccn_aero(ks)=0. |
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| 325 | if (in_aero(ks).lt.0.) in_aero(ks)=0. |
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| 326 | |
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| 327 | !ZHG 2015 Cloud liquid & ice water (CLWC+CIWC) from ECMWF |
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| 328 | ! nested fields |
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| 329 | if (ngrid.gt.0.and.readclouds_this_nest) then |
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| 330 | cl=ctwcn(ix,jy,n,ngrid)*(grfraction(1)/cc) |
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| 331 | else if (ngrid.eq.0.and.readclouds) then |
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| 332 | cl=ctwc(ix,jy,n)*(grfraction(1)/cc) |
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| 333 | else !parameterize cloudwater m2/m3 |
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| 334 | !ZHG updated parameterization of cloud water to better reproduce the values coming from ECMWF |
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| 335 | cl=1.6E-6*prec(1)**0.36 |
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| 336 | endif |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | !ZHG: Calculate the partition between liquid and water phase water. |
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| 339 | if (act_temp .le. 253.) then |
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| 340 | liq_frac=0 |
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| 341 | else if (act_temp .ge. 273.) then |
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| 342 | liq_frac=1 |
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| 343 | else |
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| 344 | liq_frac =((act_temp-273.)/(273.-253.))**2. |
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| 345 | end if |
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| 346 | ! ZHG: Calculate the aerosol partition based on cloud phase and Ai and Bi |
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| 347 | frac_act = liq_frac*ccn_aero(ks) +(1-liq_frac)*in_aero(ks) |
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| 348 | |
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| 349 | !ZHG Use the activated fraction and the liqid water to calculate the washout |
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| 350 | |
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| 351 | ! AEROSOL |
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| 352 | !******** |
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| 353 | if (dquer(ks).gt.0.) then |
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| 354 | S_i= frac_act/cl |
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| 355 | |
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| 356 | ! GAS |
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| 357 | !**** |
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| 358 | else |
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| 359 | |
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| 360 | cle=(1-cl)/(henry(ks)*(r_air/3500.)*act_temp)+cl |
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| 361 | !REPLACE to switch old/ new scheme |
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| 362 | ! S_i=frac_act/cle |
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| 363 | S_i=1/cle |
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| 364 | endif ! gas or particle |
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| 365 | |
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| 366 | ! scavenging coefficient based on Hertel et al 1995 - using the S_i for either gas or aerosol |
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| 367 | !OLD |
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| 368 | if ((readclouds.and.ngrid.eq.0).or.(readclouds_this_nest.and.ngrid.gt.0)) then |
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| 369 | wetscav=incloud_ratio*S_i*(prec(1)/3.6E6) |
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| 370 | else |
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| 371 | wetscav=incloud_ratio*S_i*(prec(1)/3.6E6)/clouds_h |
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| 372 | endif |
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| 373 | |
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| 374 | |
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| 375 | endif ! positive in-cloud scavenging parameters given in Species file |
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| 376 | endif !incloud |
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| 377 | !END ZHG TEST |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | !************************************************** |
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| 380 | ! CALCULATE DEPOSITION |
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| 381 | !************************************************** |
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| 382 | ! if (wetscav.le.0) write (*,*) 'neg, or 0 wetscav!' |
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| 383 | ! + ,wetscav,cle,cl,act_temp,prec,clouds_h,clouds_v |
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| 384 | |
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| 385 | if (wetscav.gt.0.) then |
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| 386 | wetdeposit(ks)=xmass1(jpart,ks)* & |
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| 387 | (1.-exp(-wetscav*abs(ltsample)))*grfraction(1) ! wet deposition |
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| 388 | !write(*,*) 'MASS DEPOSITED: PREC, WETSCAV, WETSCAVP', prec(1), wetdeposit(ks), xmass1(jpart,ks)* & |
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| 389 | ! (1.-exp(-wetscav_dummy*abs(ltsample)))*grfraction(1), clouds_v |
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| 390 | |
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| 391 | |
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| 392 | else ! if no scavenging |
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| 393 | wetdeposit(ks)=0. |
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| 394 | endif |
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| 395 | |
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| 396 | restmass = xmass1(jpart,ks)-wetdeposit(ks) |
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| 397 | if (ioutputforeachrelease.eq.1) then |
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| 398 | kp=npoint(jpart) |
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| 399 | else |
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| 400 | kp=1 |
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| 401 | endif |
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| 402 | if (restmass .gt. smallnum) then |
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| 403 | xmass1(jpart,ks)=restmass |
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| 404 | ! depostatistic |
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| 405 | ! wetdepo_sum(ks,kp)=wetdepo_sum(ks,kp)+wetdeposit(ks) |
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| 406 | ! depostatistic |
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| 407 | else |
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| 408 | xmass1(jpart,ks)=0. |
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| 409 | endif |
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| 410 | ! Correct deposited mass to the last time step when radioactive decay of |
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| 411 | ! gridded deposited mass was calculated |
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| 412 | if (decay(ks).gt.0.) then |
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| 413 | wetdeposit(ks)=wetdeposit(ks)*exp(abs(ldeltat)*decay(ks)) |
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| 414 | endif |
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| 415 | |
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| 416 | |
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| 417 | end do !all species |
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| 418 | |
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| 419 | ! Sabine Eckhardt, June 2008 create deposition runs only for forward runs |
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| 420 | ! Add the wet deposition to accumulated amount on output grid and nested output grid |
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| 421 | !***************************************************************************** |
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| 422 | |
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| 423 | if (ldirect.eq.1) then |
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| 424 | call wetdepokernel(nclass(jpart),wetdeposit,real(xtra1(jpart)), & |
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| 425 | real(ytra1(jpart)),nage,kp) |
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| 426 | if (nested_output.eq.1) call wetdepokernel_nest(nclass(jpart), & |
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| 427 | wetdeposit,real(xtra1(jpart)),real(ytra1(jpart)),nage,kp) |
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| 428 | endif |
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| 429 | |
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| 430 | 20 continue |
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| 431 | end do ! all particles |
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| 432 | |
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| 433 | ! count the total number of below-cloud and in-cloud occurences: |
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| 434 | tot_blc_count=tot_blc_count+blc_count |
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| 435 | tot_inc_count=tot_inc_count+inc_count |
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| 436 | |
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| 437 | end subroutine wetdepo |
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